I don't know for sure, but always thought they were there to check casting integrity, alloy mix etc.
By making them intrinsically hard to get a fine resolution of shape, they seem to show characteristic of casting flow, temperature etc. If they are placed at most extreme displacement from cast entry points they'd give a quick "go-no go" assessment of casting quality before going further down production line to machining.
Presumably, if that's true, they'd be chucked back in to melt for the materials to go round again if they displayed obvious failure.