Hi photo of the internals of the CBX forks, these are not antidive so maybe not much help, but what I would say normal setup, the internal tube goes in the stanchion from the top bolts to the slider and wide top part of the inner tube stops the stanchion coming out.
I have also added a photo of the bottom of the new stanchion and as you can just about see it has the valve inserted, so as you suspect yours are missing. I feel the valve is definitely missing because you can see through the small hole in the side wall, which you can’t on my new stanchion. PO was probably intending to do a valve job but never did.