Try our new info resource - "Aladdin's Cave" (Main menu)Just added a separate link to Ash's Dropbox thread (shortcut)
If your model has only one fuse and two grease nipples for the swingarm (one on each side), I'd say yours is a K1, as sold in Europe. At the end of the Owner's Manual there are 4 different wire diagrams. For you that is probably the -ED type. Unless your bike has been imported from elsewhere. http://www.honda4fun.com/pdf_libretti/500/CB500_k1/CB500_K1_4.pdf
If you mean that little cover on the left next to the coils, that's where the main earth wire goes to the frame on mine. Is that OK ?, have you disturbed a poor earth connection ?Worth a look maybe....
Check all the connections again, it's quite common for one of the connectors to get pushed out as your connecting the 2 block connectors, also check for corrosion. It's clear you've just disturbed a connection that is vital, in particular check the connector to the fuse.
I belive odd job is right with his theory