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Could someone explain how the oil flows through the filter system / how it works?
There is a relief valve fitted to the oil pump and another fitted to the oil filter bolt, the filter bolt one is one I've recently found to be sticking, I tested 5 bolts and only one worked as it should, one was jammed and the other 3 were sticking. This relief valve is just a small cup with a spring which forces it up inside the bolt, the spring is held in place by a small roll pin. To test the relief valve get a small piece of right angled metal and slide it into one of the holes right under the nut end of the bolt, you can see the relief valve up overing up the next layer of holes, press down on the cup and the holes should become exposed, it should then move back into place when you release the pressure on it. The idea is that if the oil filter blocks or collapses (which one of mine has in the past) the pressure of the oil will force the cup down, oil will now flow through the top holes and exit the next holes down, these holes will be inside the filter when it's in place. So it bypasses the filter and allows oil to go into the engine but of course it's now unfiltered oil so it's not a good idea to leave it like that. That help?